Chevron Energy Corporation

Chevron Corporation: An Overview 1. Introduction: Chevron is an energy company involved in chemicals operations, petroleum operations, power generation, mining operations of coal and other minerals, and energy services. Chevron Corporation is having its head quarters at 6001, Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon, CA 94583, U.S.A. Chevron Corporation latest fiscal year ended on 31st December, 2007. Mr. David J. OReilly is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the company. There are 14 directors in the Board of Chevron Corporation and the details of the board of directors are detailed below; 2. Composition of Board of Directors of Chevron Corporation S.No Name of the Director Designation 1 Mr. David J. O.Reilly Chairman and Chief Executive Officer 2 Mr. Peter J.Robertson Vice-Chairman 3 Samuel H. Armacost Director 4 Linnet F.Deily Director 5 Robert E.Denham Director 6 Robert J.Eaton Director 7 Sam Ginn Director 8 Franklyn G.Jenifer Director 9 Sam Nunn Director 10 Donald B.Rice Director 11 Kevin W.Sharer Director 12 Charles R.Shoemate Director 13 Ronald D. Sugar Director 14 Carl Ware Director 3. Principal Products or Services of the Chevron Corporation Chevron is an energy company involved in chemicals operations, petroleum operations, power generation, mining operations of coal and other minerals, and energy services. Chevrons activities includes development ,exploration and production of natural gas and crude oil ; engaged in refining activities; dealing and marketing natural gas ,crude oil and the other by-products resulting from transportation of crude oil, natural gas; and petroleum products. Further, Chevron is involved in the manufacture and sale of industrial plastics, petrochemicals commodity, and lubricant oil, fuel and additives through its chemical operations. Chevron is one of the globes largest integrated energy companies. Chevron Corporation operates in the United States and in more than 180 other countries. Chevron markets its petroleum products almost in all parts of the world. The principal brands of Chevron are Chevron, Texaco and Caltex. 4. Chevrons Independant Auditor Chevrons independent auditor is PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. Pricewaterhousecoopers have stated in their report dated 28th February ,2008 that Chevrons accounting policy is in consistency with GAAP of U.S.A.[ Generally acceptable accounting principles]. Pricewatercoopers also report that Chevrons internal control over financial reporting is a procedure deliberated to offer reasonable guarantee regarding the dependability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for outsiders purposes in harmony with generally accepted accounting principles of U.S.A. However, the external auditor has made a qualified remark that Chevrons inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not detect or prevent misstatements. Further, independent auditor report that projections of any assessment of efficacy to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become insufficient because of transformation in conditions, or that the extent of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 5. Share Price Information of Chevron Corporation 5.1 Closing Price of Shares as of 3/27/2008 $ 84.40 Details Week ending 03/20/2008 Open Price 84.19 High Price 86.12 Low Price 81.89 Last Price 83.21 Total Volume 62,526,879 30 day volume average 13,133,230.00 52-Week Range73.96- 94.86 5.2 Chevron Corporation 10 year stock price Date 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2007 2008 29th March 41.50 44.81 44.25 43.21 45.14 32.63 42.67 57.89 58.63 84.50 5.3 Latest Dividend details: Details Year 2007 Year 2006 Cash Dividend per Share $2.26 $2.01 5.4 Common Stock Price Range -High Amount in $ Year 2007 Year 2006 4th quarter 3rd quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter 4th quarter 3rd quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter 94.86 94.84 84.24 74.95 75.97 67.85 62.88 62.21 5.5 STOCK PRICE AND VALUATION (Data as of 03/27/2008) Market Cap (mil) 175,272 Shares Outstanding (000s) 2,076,680 52-Week Range 73.96 94.86 7-Day Average Closing Price 84.22 30-Day Average Closing Price 86.05 200-Day Average Closing Price 88.30 Dividend Per Share (TTM) 2.20 PE Ratio 10.24 Earnings Per Share (TTM) 8.24 Last Price 84.40 Last Day Range 84.27 86.95 6. Number of Employees Chevron had provided employment opportunities for approximately 65,000employees which include about 6,000 service station employees as of December31, 2007. Further, roughly about 31,000, or 49%, of the companys employees were given employment opportunities in U.S.A.alone. 7. Industry Situation and Company Plans Many factors influence the Petroleum industrys profitability and operations and individual petroleum companies have no control over some of these factors. Governmental policies, predominantly in the sectors of energy, taxation and the environment have a momentous effect on activities of petroleum companies. Supply and demand for petroleum commodities determine prices for crude oil and natural gas, petrochemicals and petroleum products. Nonetheless, some governments enforce price checks on refined products such as diesel fuel or gasoline. Further ,Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are the worlds monopoly producers of crude oil, and their production quantums are a key factor in determining worldwide supply. Strong competition exists in the petroleum and petrochemical industries. Chevron competes with major global petroleum companies, as well as national and independent petroleum companies. Some of the top competitors of the Chevron Corporation are Exxon Mobil Corp, BP Plc and Royal Dutch Shell Plc. 8. Chevron Future Strategies Chevrons main aim is to build value and accomplish continued financial returns from its operations that will help it to surpass its competitors. As a fundamental for accomplishing this goal, the company has formulated the following strategies: To enhance base-business returns and selectively nurture, with a spotlight on integrated value creation. To increase profitably in prime areas, generate new legacy positions and to commercialize the Chevrons natural gas equity resource base. The company also wishes to invest in new renewable-energy technologies, with an aim of occupying profitable places in imperative renewable sources of energy. Further, Chevron also plans to invest in human resources to fulfill the companys objectives, to attain technological superiority to accomplish superior growth and performance. To concentrate on cost control, profitable growth and capital stewardship. The chemicals activities, downstream and upstream, of the Chevron and its equity affiliates are widely distributed geographically, with operations in South America, North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australasia and the Middle East. Standard Oil Company (California) was formed in 1906. Later, it was incorporated in Delaware, Jan. 27, 1926. Further, Standard Oil Company name changed to ChevronTexaco Corp. on Oct. 10, 2001. Current name was espoused on May 10, 2005 9. Accounting Polices Chevrons Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in tune with generally accepted accounting principles of U.S.A. These demand the employment of assumptions and estimates that influence profits and expenses, liabilities and the assets, stated in the financial reports, plus sums shown in the foot notes thereto, including revelation and discussion of contingent liabilities. Even though the company employs its paramount opinions and estimates, real results could vary from these guesstimates as future confirming events happen. 9.1. Revenue Recognition Revenues connected with sale revenue of coal, natural gas, chemicals products, crude oil, and petroleum, and all other resources are reported when title is transpired to the customer, net of royalties, discounts, and allowances, as appropriate. Revenues from production of natural gas from properties in which Chevron has an interest with other producers are normally accounted on the fundamental of the Chevrons net working interest. 9.2 Cash While real cash flows are accounted directly, the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, related to the preceding proved oil and gas reserves, is derived in conformity with the requirements of FAS 69. Estimated future cash inflows from production are calculated by charging year-end prices for oil and gas to year-end quantities of estimated net proved reserves 9.3 Short Range Investments All short-range investments are sorted out as available for disposal and are in extremely liquid debt securities. These investments forms the part of the Chevrons cash management portfolio and have original maturity values of three months or less are stated as Cash equivalents. The remainder of the short-term investments is stated as Marketable securities and is marked-to-market, with any unearned losses or gains incorporated in Other wide-ranging income. 9.4 Inventories Crude oil, Petroleum products, and chemicals are normally reported at cost, employing a Last-In, First-Out (LIFO)method. In summative, these costs are below market. Supplies materials, and other stock-in-trades normally are reported at average cost. 9.5 Plant and Fixtures, Equipment, and Properties The thriving efforts technique is employed for natural gas and crude oil discovery and production processes. All costs for related plant and equipment, development wells, assured mineral interests in crude oil and natural gas properties, and related asset retirement obligation (ARO)assets are accounted. An exploratory well that was found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well and the company is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. 10. Ratio Analysis Chevron Corporation Financial Year Ending as on Profitability Ratios 12/31/2007 12/31/2006 12/31/2005 Return on Equity (%) 24.24 24.86 22.5 Return on Assets (%) 12.56 12.92 11.2 Return on Investment 38.08 40.11 32.84 EBITDA of Revenue (%) 18.5 18.79 15.7 Operating Margin (%) 14.56 15.22 12.71 Pre-Tax Margin 14.56 15.22 12.71 Net Profit Margin (%) 8.46 8.16 7.11 Effective Tax Rate (%) 41.9 46.4 44.04 EPS [Diluted] 8.77 7.80 6.54 Liquidity Indicators 12/31/2007 12/31/2006 12/31/2005 Quick Ratio 0.9 1.02 1.13 Current Ratio 1.17 1.28 1.37 Working Capital/Total Assets 0.04 0.06 0.07 Debt Management 12/31/2007 12/31/2006 12/31/2005 Current Liabilities/Equity 0.44 0.41 0.4 Total Debt to Equity 0.09 0.14 0.21 Long Term Debt to Assets 0.04 0.06 0.1 Asset Management 12/31/2007 12/31/2006 12/31/2005 Revenues/Total Assets 1.48 1.58 1.58 Revenues/Working Capital 39.6 26.61 21.25 10.1 Rate of Return On Total Assets This ratio helps to find out how management of income has been able to generate from each dollars value of a companys total assets. This ratio also helps to find out how effective the management of the company is .Chevron Corporation is having around 13% for the last two years .It implies that Chevron Corporation is able to generate about 13% in revenue out of the total investment made in the assets of the company which is a fair metric. 10.2 Current Ratio An excessively high current ratio means that the company has invested too much in current assets compared to its current obligations. A company with a 2:1 or higher current ratio is generally thought to be a good credit risk in the short run. This ratio helps to find out the ability of a company to pay back its current liabilities with its current assets. This ratio assists to gauge the efficacy of a business operating cycle or its efficacy to change its products into cash. Chevron Corporations current ratio is hovering around 1.20 for the last two years which is a good metric. 10.3 Quick Ratio A quick ratio helps to gauge a companys short-term liquidity. This ratio gauges a companys efficacy to pay its short-term financial obligations. Chevron is having a positive quick ratio in the last year. However, it has a negative ratio in the year 2007. This implies that Chevrons liquidity is to be improved. 10.4 Profitablity Ratio Chevron Corporations profitability ratio is strong .Return is judged by assessing earnings relative to the level and sources of financing. Profitability is also relevant to solvency. As Chevron is having a positive profitability ratio, this reflects on management because managers are ultimately responsible for operating efficiency. 10.5 Earning Per Share [EPS] This ratio helps to know how much each share of a company has earned .This is a good indicator of the health of the company and for making investment decisions. Chevrons EPS is hovering around $ 8 which is a good metric for making investments in Chevron corporations shares. 11. Conclusion Chevron Corporation is already celebrated its century and is having a strong fundamentals. It has very good financial metrics. It has a consistent EPS and other primary ratios are very strong. The share value has grown almost more than 100% in the past ten years and has maximized shareholders wealth. I strongly recommend to buy Chevron Corporations share for long standing holding so that investors would benefit in the long run as Chevron has a lions share in the oil and gas industry all round the world.

What The Best Ceos Know 7 Exceptional Leaders And Their...

What the Best CEOs know – 7 Exceptional Leaders and Their Lessons for Transforming any Business provide two examples of exceptional leaders within the computer industry Mr. Michael Dell and Andy Grove (Krames, 2003). Michael Dell the founder of Dell Computers Corporation and Andy Grove cofounded Intel. These two leaders have a distinct vision and mission for their companies. Their success was driven by their passion, strong leadership, corporate structure, and most importantly their failures. I will introduce each business professional and their contributions, resistance that each encountered, similarities and differences noted in their professional stories and conclude with a discussion of what factors I believe impacted their success. Introduction to the Professional and Contributions From an early age Dell understood the benefits of a developed manufacturing and distributions system that was based on a partnership with customers (Krames, 2003, p.58). During his first couple of months of college his passion for computers became the launching pad for Dell Computer Corporation in 1984. Within a 4 year period Dell would lead the company through a public offering of $30 million, he saw a 90,000 percent increase in stocks and was named the youngest CEO of a Fortune 500 Company at the tender age of 27 in 2009 (Krames, 2003, p. 58). Dell incorporated his theory of placing the customer in the ‘epicenter’ which enabled him to create a successful business model based on theShow MoreRelatedGiving Credit Where Credit Is Due Michael Dell and Andy Grove1059 Words   |  5 Pages Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due As entrepreneurs in a growing world of technology and change Andy Grove and Michael Dell pioneered the industry. They were innovators, visionaries and industry leaders in their fields. Andy Grove envisioned change to create faster and more productive ways to utilize the way we process information. As an immigrant he passed through the walls of terror in his home country of Hungry which was facing many issues ofRead MoreComparison and Contrast between Two Chapters800 Words   |  4 PagesComparison and Contrast between Two Chapters This paper will compare and contrast two CEOs that led technology companies through difficult times. Michael Dell CEO and founder of Dell Computers and Andy Grove former CEO and cofounder of Intel each provided quality leadership as their companies faced challenges in the fast-paced computer technology industry. This paper will introduce each man and describe their contributions to their company and the field of management, resistance they encounteredRead MoreComparison and Contrast between Two Book Chapters715 Words   |  3 PagesMichael Dell, founder and CEO of Dell Computer, and Andy Grove, cofounder and former CEO of Intel. The paper presents each person; talks about their main contributions for their companies, problems they experienced, and their similarities and differences; and concludes by discussing the factors that may have impacted their success. The data for this paper is taken from the book, What the Best CEOs Know; 7 Exceptional Leaders and Their Lessons for Transf orming Any Business (Krames, 2003). IntroductionRead MoreBook Review: What the Best CEOs Know1098 Words   |  5 PagesBook Review: What the Best CEOs Know Michael R. Hummel Wayland Baptist University Leadership and Management Development, MGMT 5306-VC01 Submitted to Dr. Kelly Warren September 10, 2011 What the Best CEOs Know was chosen by this reader due to Jeffrey Krames’ reputation, prior writings, and the fact that several of these CEOs are considered shining examples of the modern CEO. Krames takes an in-depth look at the modern icons of business leadership: Michael Dell of Dell Computer, Bill GatesRead MoreEssay on Management and Academic Integrity Policy1498 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful, innovative business professional. You will be asked to discuss their journeys as practitioners and their contributions. Prepare a brief, 2-3 page paper in which you compare and contrast the two chapters. Address the following in your paper: †¢ Identify each business professional and briefly describe their main contributions to the field. †¢ Discuss the resistance that each encountered in presenting and furthering their research, ideas, or programs. †¢ Discuss any similarities youRead MoreRunning Header: the Compare and Contrast of Andy Grove and Michael Dell1321 Words   |  6 Pagesthe field. Andy believed that building experimentation into the everyday business would someday be reason for market share recovery. Similar to Michael, Andy also thought like an outsider as he formulated his new business strategy. That outsider approach was the turning point in Intel’s legacy. Michael Dell forever defined consumer value. Michael understood that the consumer was the driving force of any successful business, and technology was no different. Often times when an organization producesRead More Stragetic Management Essay3374 Words   |  14 Pagesfrom strategic management but both intertwined and co-exist to compliment each other. Strategic management will not exist without strategic leadership. The scope of top level management in this respect shall encompasses the Board of Directors, CEO and top management and the strategic leadership which, they exercise would be in-conjunction or individually. Emergence of globalization whilst giving new opportunities for organization to new markets, also exposes organization to new challengesRead MoreBill Gatess Road to Success2482 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Bill Gates is a well-known leader in the business world. His company’s inventions impacted the business world and changed the market. Bill Gates had a vision of what other executives only dream about. His values and strategies have managed to keep Microsoft on the edge of technology. Still, many questions have risen about Bill’s strategies on whether or not his harsh marketing depicts a monopolistic nature or is simply a result of becoming the leader of the technology industry. Bill’sRead MoreIntel Case Study Essay3886 Words   |  16 PagesDublin Institute of Technology Master of Science in Business and Entrepreneurship Technology and Innovation Management Case Study of Intel Corporation Team Members Prasanna Pavuluri Fergus Hanley Mazin Daghistani Student ID D14124072 C09491082 D14124910 Date of Submission: 26 November 2014 1 Table of Contents (1)Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 3 (1.1) History of Intel ....Read MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 PagesTOP-TEAM POLITICS†¦page 90 WHEN YOUR CORE BUSINESS IS DYING†¦page 66 Y GE SE PA IN DS CK R M WA A 53 www.hbr.org April 2007 58 What Your Leader Expects of You Larry Bossidy 66 Finding Your Next Core Business Chris Zook 78 Promise-Based Management: The Essence of Execution Donald N. Sull and Charles Spinosa 90 The Leadership Team: Complementary Strengths or Conï ¬â€šicting Agendas? Stephen A. Miles and Michael D. Watkins 100 Avoiding Integrity Land Mines Ben

Effects Of Education On Public Schools - 988 Words

Intro The United States of America, a country full of opportunities, growth, and freedom. Education in America is the key to life, the possibilities are endless when you have an education. But what if the quality of your education was poorly? In Washington state roughly 10 Billion dollars are spent on education, but not all of it is spent on schools. Since school funding is left to the states this can have a bias or an unrestricted bias on how money is being spent. This controversy and bad quality of education caused McCleary vs. State of Washington. Which, if you have a child in k-12 you should be very grateful that two parents stood up and took this social issue to court. Target Group This social issue is affecting many†¦show more content†¦Also seems unequal because every state does not have the same tax revenue, some may have less than others, if there is not enough high educated residents in a state, which is an outcome of low funded schools. Finally someone in Washington state did something about it, Matthew and Stephanie McCleary took it to court. Claiming that Washington state was not meeting its Constitutional duty, which the court thankfully ruled in their favor. The court ruled in their favor because Washington state is not fully funded transportation and staff salaries and benefits. It was found that the legislature cannot maintain that it is fully funding basic education through its funding formulas. Current Proposal There currently is a bill out, number 6195 that proposes that states will have to fully fund k-12 public schools. This includes transportation, materials, supplies, operating costs, full-day kindergarten, and class size reductions. All was caused by the McCleary lawsuit. This bill includes specifics with its funding, one of the important ones is class sizes. It had been proven and said that children can not and will not learn as well by having so many kids and only having one adult looking after the kids. Not only that, but they build better social skills, by always being included and obtain healthy habits. This bill is also introducing free and accessible all day kindergarten for kids,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sexual Education On Public Schools1702 Words   |  7 PagesI. Abstract Sexual education being enforced in public schools is important and it should be taught in all schools. Young adults are learning that it is important to wait until marriage to have sex. Sexual education taught in public schools does raise a couple of eyebrows because some parents think that young adults should not learn about sex at their age. Sexual education is very important for young adults to either use abstinence or condoms. Sexual education in schools are the proper classes forRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Education On Public Schools908 Words   |  4 PagesHow Sexual Education In Public Schools Benefit By: Michelle Schlichting English Composition I November 2015 Sexual education in public schools has many benefits. This is of course if every public school would be willing to provide their students with the opportunity to be able to take this class. Therefore I believe that some sort of sexual education class should be provided to all high school students in public schools. Sexual Education should be taught in high schools for quite a numberRead MoreThe Effects Of Homework On My Public School Education880 Words   |  4 PagesLooking back on my public school education, I recall traipsing home from school with elation. Finally, I was free from sitting, thinking, and working! Then, my mother would inquire about homework and my evening would go up in proverbial flames. Today, homework continues to be a topic of heated debate. Some believe that homework reinforces what students learn at school while others protest that the amount of work drags students down. So, what action are schools and teachers taking for or against homeworkRead MoreHome Schooling1155 Words   |  5 PagesCauses and Effects of Home Schooling Children Imagine that a child is approaching the age when he or she will begin schooling. So many questions are racing through a parents mind. Is the child going to receive the best education possible? Can all of the child’s emotional, psychological, and intellectual needs be met at public school? Questions like these are the reason why, so many parents around the country have chosen to take education into their own hands. Parents lack confidence in public schoolsRead MoreSchool Choice For K 12 Students1539 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract School choice for K-12 students is still a controversial education reform topic. Choice programs for education include school vouchers, tax-credits scholarships, individual tax credit, and Education Savings Accounts (ESA), provide financial support to families who wish to access private schooling for their child (Wolf, 2016). There are now 61 private school choice programs in 30 states and the District of Columbia (Forster, 2016). Texas publicly funded school choices are limited to publicRead MoreDefinition Of The Problem Of Public Schools776 Words   |  4 PagesDEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM Introduction Education is the foundation of success. â€Å"The operation and oversight of public schools in the United States is typically the responsibility of states and local communities†. (Anderson, L.) Parents make decisions about their children s education with the hope that they are receiving a quality education that prepares them for college and eventually a successful career. The amount of funding available for education influences the effectiveness and efficiencyRead MoreScience As An Environment For Learning959 Words   |  4 Pagesrole science plays in public education this paper will address not only the concepts of coaching and instructing students as they learn the importance of the science world and the role it plays in educating students alone with their parents within the settings of the public school. Science plays a great role in our every day lives. As we view science through the eye of public education we will experiment science and education as an antidote, learn the evolution of education in science and examineRead MoreImmigrant Children and U.S Education1257 Words   |  6 PagesAware of the free education provided by the United States government to any school age children, immigrants both legal and illegal continue to be attracted to the United States, migrating in an attempt to provide better opportunities for their families and themselves. As the number of illegal immigrants living in the United states continues to rise and the percentage of illegal immigrant households which consist of children also continues to rise, it is important for the American government to examineRead MorePresident George Bush s No Child Left Behind Act Of 20071263 Words   |  6 PagesPolitics have made up a large part of public education in the United States of America since Anglo-Saxons came over from Europe. The effects that politics and governmental policies have had on public education have been evident throughout the history of the United States and ar e still apparent today. Beginning with assimilation and acculturation in the 17th century and continuing on to programs such as President George Bush’s No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and the Mississippi Healthy Students ActRead MorePrivate Education in Rural India: Status and Opportunity1115 Words   |  5 PagesTopic School Education - Private Participation for Educating Rural India Title of the Project Private Education in Rural India: Status and Opportunity Kripal Singh Niranjan, Private Education in Rural India: Status and Opportunity I. Introduction: World Bank statistics found that fewer than 40 percent of adolescents in Rural India attend secondary schools. The Economist reports that half of 10-year-old rural children could not read at a basic level, over 60% were unable to do division

Mime Artist free essay sample

Mime What is mime? Mime is where you silently express things. You have to be really good to do a show of mime, as there is no talking, you have to show what you mean by body lanuage. Mime is very emotional and you can express your feelings silently. Names of famous mime artist Ã'ž John Weaver, the father of English mime (1673-1760) Ã'ž Joseph Grimaldi, English clown and pantomimst (1778-1837) Ã'ž Jean-Gaspard Deburau, French pantomimist who transformed the character of Pierrot in the raditional harlequinade (1796-1846) Ã'ž Г†°tienne Decroux, the father of modern mime Ã'ž Jean Louis Barrault, a pupil of Decroux who used abstract mime Ã'ž Marcel Marceau, a Decrouxs pupil also; the most famous mime Universally acclaimed as the Worlds Greatest Mime Ã'ž Jewel Walker, one of Americas best stage mimes Ã'ž Desmond Jones, famed British mime; runs the Desmond Jones School of Mime Ecole Jacques Lecoq, famed mime teacher for use of masks Ã'ž Tony Montanaro, established the Celebration Barn Theatre; authored Mime Spoken Here Ã'ž Adam Darius, internationally acclaimed for his organic expressive mime Ã'ž Robert Shields, popularized mime in America in the 1980s with the TV show, Shields and Yarnell Samuel Avital, founded Le Centre Du Silence Mime School; an international mime performer Ã'ž Mummenschanz, the mask and mime troup from Northern Europe Gregg Goldston, most sought after teacher of mime, in Ohio Ã'ž Richmond Shepard, taught mime in CA and now is a movie critic in NY. We will write a custom essay sample on Mime Artist or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ã'ž Claude Kipnis, great stage mime and wrote The Mime Book. ЂÃ'ž Geoff Hoyle, a physical comedian Name of frozen photograph Tableau is depiction of a scene usually presented on a stage by silent and motionless costumed participants Greek word for mime and what it means The term mime is derived from the Greek word mimos, originally referring to a form of comic folk play and later referring specifically to those who performed in it. At first a mime would heavily parody mythological characters and later play on everyday situations of society. Generally two or three characters would perform in a mime,

Oracle Bone free essay sample

Religion in Shang Dynasty Religious practice has always been an essential part of Chinese Culture. Even in the period of the Three Augusts and Five Kings, religious practices occurred. However, it is not until the Shang Dynasty when actually records of spiritual communication were founded. Oracle Bones were recorded of communication between human and spirits. The ritual of cracking oracle bones told what ancient Chinese concerned the most the relationship between spirits and nature. The intricate Oracle Bones not only reveal the religious aspect of the Shang Dynasty, but also relate the cultural and olitical system in ancient China. During the Shang Dynasty, Kings were granted the power to communicate with spirits. Mostly importantly, spirits informed kings about the unknowns. When Shang kings have questions regarding the future and their relationship with spirits, they assigned priests and shamans to become medium between human and spirits. When shamans were asked to foretell for the king, they drill hollows in shells and apply red- hot poker to these shells. We will write a custom essay sample on Oracle Bone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They believed this ritual would attract spirits who were nearby to answer kings questions asked by shamans. Shamans main task was to nterpret spirits respond through the different cracks on shells. These kinds of predictions were said to be legitimate the kings were the ultimate representative of the spirit. Most of the time, kings requested to perform oracle bones divination to learn from spirits regarding the success of harvest, outcomes of battles, and schedule of sacrifices to spirits. For example, the King asked: Will Di order rain sufficient for harvest? (Eno 46). During earlier years of Shang Dynasty, the outcomes of harvests were more important to the people. Nevertheless, by the end of the Shang Dynasty, a large portion of divinations were performed to know the schedule and proper scarifications to spirits and ancestors. There were scarifications everyday for different ancestors and spirits according the results of divinations accumulated overtime. After oracle bone divinations were performed, kings would perform sacrifice to the assigned spirit at a specify time with appropriate goods. When an oracle divination indicated a negative answer from spirits, for instance defeat in battles, kings would then sacrifice to spirits hoping for spirits help to change the result. Shamans would slaughter animals and/or humans according to spirits preference. The result of appeasing spirits could lead spirits to provide extra helps for the people. On the other hand, if the king sacrifice the perfect quality and quantity of goods to a specify spirit but the king did not get his preference; kings could temporarily stop sacrificing to this spirit until the effect of previous scarifications were shown. Therefore, human scarification and spirits effectiveness created an economy between human and heaven. This economy applied more on the loyal level than the family level. During Shang Dynasty, family could only sacrifice to their own linage of ancestry. It was a crime to sacrifice to other linage of ancestries because only the king had this power. Family often sacrificed to hope ancestors would bless the family to have male children which can extend the family-tree. Thus, only the royal family had the Shang king can communicate and sacrifice to all linage of ancestries, which include Shen (natural deities), royal ancestors, and cultural heros. People in Shang Dynasty worship the greatest spirit Di (Tian). Yet Di do not receive any sacrifice ompare to other spirits. Tian, which is said to be equivalent to Di, was so powerful that other spirits could never match their power with D. Di was a significant factor of Shang peoples religious believe that was indicated in the oracle bones but Tian was not indicted in any evidences at all. On the other hand, Shang people viewed Shen as the power of nature, including power of earth, river, mountains, rain, thunder, and the power of directions, etc. in the early stage of Shang Dynasty, oracle bones divinations were directly performed to communicate with Shen to foretell harvest esults. Shen, unlike Di, did take sacrifice in order approve kings requests. For example, king asked, Shall we call upon Que to sacrifice a hound by fire to Cloud? (Eno 48). Thus, Shen was the second highly respected power after D. Shang kings also sacrifice to spirits of their royal ancestors, including parents, grandparents, forebears of ruling king, relatives. These spirits were located inside the royal familys palace, and their tablets were put together with other ancestors of the same family. Kings worshiped his linage of ancestors to hope they would bring fortune to the royal amily and the countries. When the current king died, he became part of his linage. Oracle bones divinations were use to communicate with royal ancestor spirits: Should we protect the kings eyes against Grandmother Ji? (Eno 49). Current kings Other families only sacrifice to their own linage as well. This ancestor worship ritual was established during the Shang Dynasty and is still performing in modern Chinese culture. Finally, kings also sacrificed to ancient cultural heroes, yet they were the less prominent group of spirits. Thus, religion practices in Shang Dynasty were an essential part of Chinese ultural before and in todays society. The use of oracle bones to predict future allowed reader to date the first actual evidence of Chinese religion. The written records left by Shang Dynasty created a clear picture of the cultural and politic aspects of ancient China as well. The relationship between human and spirits remains to be a significant part of Chinese peoples religious belief. I grew up practicing ancestor worship. Work Cited Eno, Robert. Deities and Ancestors in Early Oracle Inscriptions. Religions Of China In Practice. Donald S. Lopez Jr. New Jersey: Princeton University press. 41-51

The Hamlet in Me essays

The Hamlet in Me essays Whether we are planning to build a boat or hoping to write a good essay, the only way to go about these tasks is to make a detailed plan of all the steps that need to be taken in order to get the desired result. If you spontaneously decide to build a boat, the result may be a plywood tub that leaks from all sides, let alone hold anyone in it. Hamlet, a seventh century story put to life through the amazing writing of Shakespeare, is a play that shows how meticulous and well thought out plans will bring about the desired result. The plays main character, Hamlet, is a Renaissance man that struggles with the corrupt world around him. He must deal with such issues like "blood for blood revenge" when his own uncle kills his father and takes his place as king. A ghost king appears to Hamlet and catalyzes the events that follow in the play. Hamlet must devise a plan to take revenge for his father and bring to justice all the people who have marred the situation. Though the church mandates through its moral code that Hamlet not take revenge, Hamlet tries to find the worst fate for his devious uncle possible: "Now might I do it, now he is a-praying, And now I'll do't and so he goes to heave...When he is drunk asleep, or in his rage, or in th' incestuous pleasure of his bed...Then trip him...And that his soul may be as damned and black As hell, whereto it goes" (3.4.77-100). Hamlet finally gains the nerve to kill his uncle, but sheaths his sword when he realizes that if he kills him while he is praying, his uncle will ascend to heaven. He ultimately decides to kill his uncle when he commits a sin, so that his soul "may be as damned and black as hell." He goes through a meticulous thought process, which shows him both his options and when to act to give his uncle the most cruel and horrible death he deserves. His actions also bring in a conflict between church and the revengeful calls of his families past. I ...

Congestive heart Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Congestive heart Failure - Essay Example The ultimate result is that these individual face low economic growth in their lives and sometimes end up in poverty. Treatment of congestive heart failure is long term, which means that a person shall spend a lot of money in treatment rather than using the money to invest in other income generating sectors (Porth 2011). The family members of an individual suffering from CHF usually get affected psychologically. Since the disease is not curable, the family members worry about eminent death of their loved one. The psychological impact may make some family members to go into depression. Additionally, family members will spend a lot of finance in treating the sick family member. In some situations, the family can sell some of their valuable assets or take loans to treat the condition. The ultimate impact is the degradation of the family economy resulting in poverty. When several people in the society suffer from CHF, the society shall lose its workforce members because of the disease burden. This translates into a stagnant economic growth of the society and reduced food production, which can result into malnutrition in the society. Death of an individual’s suffering from CHF may result to children being left orphans, which can be a burden to the community in terms of sustaining them. CHF affects the nursing fraternity in a number of ways for example it leads to increased workload in the hospital making it difficult to handle other patients who need close monitoring. This may result to a nurse providing only some of the nursing care to a patient because the patients are many and must all be attended to (Boutayeb,