The Problem of Capital Punishment Essay - 3342 Words

The Problem of Capital Punishment The issue of capital punishment is a divisive topic that encompasses many moral and empirical aspects of human justice. Ultimately, the key issue regarding the death penalty is as follows: is the death penalty an appropriate form of punishment for the United States of America’s judicial system to impose? This key issue incorporates the empirical and moral claims of the opponents both for and against capital punishment in America. The main empirical issues center on whether or not the death penalty is imposed with bias, whether it serves as deterrence for future crimes, and whether it is an economically beneficial option for the country. Moral concerns include the idea of justice as being â€Å"an eye†¦show more content†¦In the early twentieth century, during the Progressive Movement, there was a general advance towards abolishment. During the 1920’s and 1930’s, social scientists felt that capital punishment was needed to move toward a moral societ y, and as a result, executions rose during these times. In the 1950’s and 1960’s, with the decline of support for the death penalty came a decrease in executions. This was due mainly in part to the public’s questioning of the validity and fairness of the death penalty. Consequently, in the 1972 Supreme Court case, Furman v. Georgia, the Supreme Court decided—with a 5-4 vote and 9 separate opinions—that the death penalty was capriciously and arbitrarily handed down. Historically, the entire nation’s view on the death penalty has been disjointed, with the federal government allowing state governments to make laws. For a real decision to be made, the federal government has to be more involved, and make a clear concise decision on the matter. Recently, more issues have emerged in regards to the death penalty, such as cost; other issues like deterrence and prejudice have been around for the entirety of our nation’s existence (http:// www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/). There have been disagreements on whether or not the death penalty is objective. Death penalty supporters may indicate that, as of February 17, 2004, 57.2% of executed were white, and theShow MoreRelatedThe Problem With Capital Punishment857 Words   |  4 PagesThe Problem With Capital Punishment The Bible implies that â€Å"for the same way you judge others, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you† (â€Å" Holy Bible, New International Version†). Capital punishment is an unlawful practice of the United States. It allows the government to legally execute a person for committing serious crimes such as murder, rape, and kidnapping. The Death Penalty Information Center reports that â€Å" The practice of capital punishment was firstRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 PagesKolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishment for a sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole. Kolodny’s factual claims and abundance of supportive ev idence regarding the problems with capital punishment successfully persuadeRead More Capital Punishment Essay611 Words   |  3 Pagesand chose a 30-year sentence instead because capital punishment was not enforced in the state. Broken up from the death of his 2 children, Mr. Smith said, â€Å"Me and my family are disappointed that the death penalty was not the verdict.† I am going to convince you that capital punishment has to be enforced in all states. I will tell you about the problem, the solution to the problem, and what it would be like if my solution is implemented. The problem is that the current criminals that commit theseRead MoreComparing Two Arguments on Capital Punishment Essay890 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Two Arguments on Capital Punishment In these two short essays, one by Anthony G. Amsterdam and another by Ernest Van Den Haag both authors make two very important views. Although one supports capital punishment and one is against capital punishment, both authors have good reasons to support their case. Amsterdam believes that capital punishment is a brutal process that a murderer has to go through. Amsterdam believes that the murderer should be punished for their actions, butRead MoreCapital Punishment : Imposition Of A Penalty Of Death By The State Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesCapital punishment: Imposition of a penalty of death by the state. Capital punishment has been widely practiced ever since ancient times, as far back as 1500 B.C. From the fall of Rome to the beginning of modern times, capital punishment has been practiced all over the world. However, the problem in the justice system is that the death penalty can be wrongfully applied. This is rare but it does happen, the falsely incriminated is sentenced and executed. It is important that the government stillRead MoreCapital punishments should not be banned; people believe capital punishment is unconstitutional,900 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishments should not be banned; people believe capital punishment is unconstitutional, that the person on death row actually committed a crime that put them there. There are complaints about the money put out for capital punishment and some think that the death penalty sends the wrong message or that our government is broken. Even though people believe capital punishment should be banned, it should not be banned due to multiple reasons. In the United States, capital punishment (also knownRead MorePersuasive Essay On Capital Punishment921 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment is a controversial debate in the United States. Many Americans believe that the death penalty is immoral because of its ethical complications. Still others believe that capital punishment is a cheaper and quicker way for justice to be served. When the government houses inmates, vast amounts of money are spent on food, medication, and clothing for inmates to survive in prison. Yet, the majority of America still allows for the practice of capital punishment in several manners suchRead MoreThe Controversy Over the Death Penalty Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesThe Controversy Over the Death Penalty Why is the death penalty used as a means of punishment for crime? Is this just a way to solve the nations growing problem of overcrowded prisons, or is justice really being served? Why do some view the taking of a life morally correct? These questions are discussed and debated upon in every state and national legislature throughout the country. Advantages and disadvantages for the death penalty exist, and many members of the United States, and individualRead MoreIs the he lawful infliction of death as a punishment the death penalty. Capital punishment1000 Words   |  4 PagesIs the he lawful infliction of death as a punishment; the death penalty. Capital punishment continues to be used in several countries despite controversy over its merits and over its effectiveness as a deterrent to serious crime. A sentence of death may be carried out by one of many means, through electrocution, hanging, lethal injection, gas chamber, and firing squad. The debate as to whether capital p unishment is right or not is an emotive one. Some people say it is necessary in some circumstancesRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Mandatory943 Words   |  4 Pagesrights when they kill other people, so capital punishment is a fair punishment for those people who definitely deserve it. In fact, capital punishment is one of the most arguable issues in our societies. However, it is a legally process of executing a person convicted of a capital crime. Capital punishment can be institutionalized by the state and implemented by final judgment of a court. It’s very important to fight premeditated murder. In addition, capital punishment should be mandatory for people who

Essay Prison Rape - 2316 Words

Prison Rape is no secret in today’s society. The American media has portrayed prison rape as a joke (Don’t drop the soap) in countless films, television shows, and in music, but have not realized the extent of how dangerous this crime is. Some cops even use this method as a means to get a confession from a suspect. A major obstacle in solving Prison rape is the notorious under-reporting of the crime. Only 16 percent of prison rape victims report their victimization. Reasons for under reporting are fear of consequences, shame, guilt, embarrassment, and refuse to relive painful details. This paper explores prison rape and its psychological and physical harm to not only inmates, but to society as well. It also discusses recent efforts to†¦show more content†¦Contrary to popular belief sexually transmitted diseases are not the only physical harm victims of prison rape endure. Many rape victims endure broken bones, broken noses, bruises, cuts, concussions, and the obvious genital injuries. Sexual assaults also increases violent behavior in prisons because inmates who feel like they may be a future target of sexually assault, defend themselves, and lash out in these violent rages and fights to establish themselves with a â€Å"tough guy† reputation to prevent any sexual misconduct from other inmates. Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun once said, Prison rape not only threatens the lives of those who fall prey to their aggressors, but it is potentially devastating to the human spirit. Shame, depression, and a shattering loss of self-esteem accompany the perpetual terror the victim thereafter must endure. Victims do not only suffer physical consequence due to these rapes. It is very common for victims to develop psychological illnesses as well. Victims of prison sexual assault frequently suffer from rape trauma syndrome or post traumatic stress disorder. Upon release of prison some victims will turn to substance abuse to cope with the emotion and mental damage while incarceration. In some instances victims have been reported to committing suicide, which only adds toShow MoreRelatedPrison Assault And Its Mental And Physical Mischief1145 Words   |  5 PagesName: Title: Institution: Abstract Prison Rape is no mystery in today s society. The American media has depicted prison assault as a joke in movies and in music, yet have not understood the degree of how risky this crime is. A few cops even utilize this system as an intends to get an admission from a suspect. A noteworthy obstruction in settling Prison assault is the famous under-reporting of the crime. Just sixteen percent of prison assault casualties report their exploitation. Purposes behindRead MoreInformation Collection Of Prison Assault874 Words   |  4 PagesCollection Prison assault happens every day inside of the Department of Collection. Throughout the years this issue has developed, which has prompted the execution of PREA. It is exceptionally clear that something should be done, which is the reason numerous hours of examination and measurements have been concentrated on to locate the best answer for battle the issue. As should be obvious, as the years have passed more instances of prison assault have been accounted for. Before prison, assault wasRead MoreWhat Can We Do?. We All Know What Happens. We Hear It On1691 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Can We Do? We all know what happens. We hear it on TV. We see it in the newspapers. We warn our girls about the probabilities that they might be a victim too, a victim of rape. Why is it that we have a rapist in the world? Are not we taught that ethically and morally we must treat each other as we want to be treated? Who would want to be stripped of their clothing, stripped of their independence, and stripped of their sense of security and safety. Is it a natural phenomenon? Is it somethingRead MoreWomen s Consent Before Having Sex With A Female Essay823 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance of domestic violence, rape, and sexual assault, and how men need to make sure that they always have consent before doing anything with a female. Officer Dorsey also discussed how even if you re accused of sexual assault, domestic violence, or even rape that it will always go on your record book even if you were falsely accused. Every 2 minutes an American, mostly female, is sexually assaulted, this means on average there are 288,820 victims of rape and sexual assault each year in theRead MoreRapists in Arkansas Should Receive Harsher Punishments1125 Words   |  5 PagesMany families of rape victims and other citizens believe a rapist goes nearly free compared to what the victim goes through, and believe it is unfair. Although it is true that offenders don’t get the chance to better themselves before being convicted as a hard felon, they should be convicted even harsher and differently than they already are in Arkansas because: they cause their victims to go through a lifetime full of pain, worry, and stress; they currently go to jail or prison for the minimal timeRead MoreThe Seriousness Of Rape And The Crime Itself1694 Words   |  7 Pages The Seriousness of Rape Keiser University Victimology Adriana Braxton 2/21/2017 In this paper I will be able to tell you about rape and the crime itself. I will explain who the victims of this crime are, how prevalent is this crime, what are the causes of this crime, in what ways do victims contribute to the crime, methods of prevention, resources available to assist victims of this crime, and my option of any needed changes in resources, laws, and sentencing related to this crime. â€Æ' ThereRead MoreRape and Extending the Sentence for Rape782 Words   |  4 PagesRape is a crime that is committed when someone is forced to have sexual intercourse through physical force or duress. â€Å"683,000 rapes occur every year† (CVS) and the national average for people accused of rape is eight years in a federal prison. Rape is a serious crime as well as other crimes but rape is considered to be a more serious and heinous crime along with murder etc. There are also different phases of rape that the victim may go through depending on how they handle it. Eight years in prisonRead MoreThe Prosecution Of Sexual Assault1232 Words   |  5 Pagesevolution of the most serious form of sexual assault namely, rape. It also requires some understanding of the broader social, cultural and political forces that have helped shape the law. Sexual violence is one of the most serious violent crimes in Utah. Countless victims and survivors of domestic and sexual violence are enduring life threatening situations and suffer impacts which seriously reduce their quality of life. Domestic violence and rape and sexual assault affect all races, ethnic groups, educationalRead MoreSexual Assault And Consent Within The State Of South Carolina956 Words   |  4 Pagesreceive up to 30 years in prison for making someone have sex with them without them given consent. In the state of South Carolina the laws for rape of a minor in the first degree is when a person has sexual intercourse with a person under the age of 11 and it carries a sentence of up to 30 years in prison according to South Carolina  § 16-3-655(cga.ct.gov. n.d.). Now second- degree criminal sexual conduct with a minor between the age of 11 and 14 carries up to 20 years in prison. Furthermore, if a personRead MoreThe Increasing Need to Reform Rape Laws771 Words   |  3 Pages Rape is one of the most widespread and ubiquitous violent crimes facing America, making laws regarding rape and the judicial processing of rape increasingly important. The judicial process itself deters both rape reports and rape convictions. Not only does the judicial processing or rape cases itself deter reports and convictions, but it also has a negative impact on the moral and mental well being of the victims who decide to pursue their cases. According to the Rape, Abuse, and Incest National

Equal Opportunities Free Essays

In this essay I am going to explain the term † equal opportunities† in relation to early years practice. Explore this in the context of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and explain the impact the Convention on UK legislation. I am also going to suggest some steps which in my consideration can implement equality of opportunity for children in UK. We will write a custom essay sample on Equal Opportunities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Equal opportunity is a descriptive term for an approach intended to give equal access to a certain social environment or to ensure people are not specifically excluded from participating in activities such as education, employment or health care on the basis of immutable traits. The lack of access might cause poor self-esteem, respect, misunderstandings, stereotyping and discrimination. Bruce and Meggit, 2002) Also it means opening up the universe for the child and family so that they can take full benefit of the early childhood activities in school and in society. Equal opportunity does not mean treating everyone the same. The Common areas of discrimination are race, financial capability, gender and the ability of the child. Every child’s future depends on opportunities provided to it in his early years of life which usually defines the child’s outlook towards life. This will be the window through which the child will define race, gender, nationality, religion, family set-up, special needs and sexual orientation of parents in his or her own way. The teacher and parents will play the most vital role in the child’s early years of development and they will be providing all the vital elements of this process to build the child’s future. Teachers and parents have to make sure that he is in the right environment for this development to take place. To help them, the UN has played a major role and contributed immensely to this process. The UN general assembly agreed to adopt the conventions on the rights of the child on November 20th, 1989. It came into force in September 1990 after it was ratified by 192 member nations. The convention is child centric and deals with child specific needs and right to education and care. It also looks after the best interest of the child. Articles 2,3,6,7,8,11,12,13,23,28,29,30,31,32,34,35 are related specifically to the early years in respect to education and care. These articles of the policy state that the member nations will respect the rights set forth in the present convention to each child within their jurisdiction without discrimination of any kind. (Convention on the rights of the child, 1990) The Convention on the Rights of the Child applies in the UK since ratification in December 1991, when the government agreed to make all laws, policy and practice compatible with the UN Convention. (http://www. unicef. org) Every child has certain basic rights, including the right to life, his/her own name and identity, and to be raised by his/her parents within a family or cultural grouping and have a relationship with both parents, even if they are separated. † (www. wikipedia. org) The principals outlined in the international human rights framework apply to both children and adults. I am doing to concentrate on children which are mentioned especially in many of the human rights. Standards are specially modified or adapted where the need an d concerns surrounding are distinct for children. http://www. child-abuse. com) The Convention on the Rights of the Child recognizes and promotes this great link between children’s rights and responsibilities. The aims of education defined in the Article 29, include nurturing children’s respect for human rights, for their own and others cultural values and for the environment. This Article teaches us how vital it is for every child from birth to be thought tolerance and approval for people of other cultural and be able to get access to the same level and standard of education. Children need to be involved in process of learning about other cultures in order to understand them better. In this way children become familiarly with all the information, accept them and learn that everybody has equal rights and deserve approval and respect from Other people, no matter how old they are. (UN Convention, Article 29) Other articles express children’s rights in terms that stress how children’s exercise of those rights must be responsible and respectful of the rights of others. Article 15, states that children have the rights to meet with others and to join or set up association, unless the fact of their doing so would violate the rights of others. . Every child should be allowed to join those groups, in this way children learn about each other and build up their level of tolerance. Through social life children and young people meet and observe other children and learn from each other. (UN Convention, Article 15) Another example of children rights is Article 31 which again promotes the rights to rest and leisure, play and recreational activities appropriate for the age of the child. Children need to have the time to re-charge they energy, rest and play with each other or, and on their own. In many situations we learn about children who have to work long hours and very often do not get enough sleep at night. This is when we could mention children being explored, hard working children who have no time for cultural, artistic or leisure activities. (UN Convention, Article 31) In upholding the rights of children, the Convention does not infringe on the rights of parents to decide what is best for their children. Instead, it specifically states that governments shall make every effort to keep families intact and shall provide support and assistance to parents in fulfilling their responsibilities with regard to the upbringing and development of their children. The promotion of children’s rights is not a matter of placing children in conflict with the adult authorities in their lives, but of encouraging all citizens to work together for a safe, healthy and productive future for children. (http://www. unicef. org) Parents, carers, families and teachers are the most important influence on outcomes for children and young people. The Every Child Matters: Change for Children programme aims to ensure that support for parents becomes routine, particularly at key points in a child or young person’s life. (http://www. crin. ch) The UK government aim is for every child, whatever their background or their circumstances, to have the support they need to be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution, achieve economic well-being. The UK government aim is for every child, whatever their background or their circumstances, to have the support they need to be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution, achieve economic well-being. This means that the organizations involved with providing services to children-from hospitals and schools, to police and voluntary groups- will be teaming up in new ways, sharing information and working together, to protect children and young people from harm and help them achieve what they want in life. Children and young people will have far more say about issues that affect them as individuals and collectively. (http://www. cre. gov. uk) The Children’s Commissioner for England was appointed, to give children and young people a voice in government and in public life. The Commissioner will pay particular attention to gathering and putting forward the views of the most vulnerable children and young people in society, and will promote their involvement in the work of organizations whose decisions and actions affect them. The Commissioner’s role is to observe every aspect about young children and react immediately if something is acting against they rules and believes. (http://www. cre. org. uk) By agreeing to undertake the obligation of the convention, UK’s government have committed themselves to project and ensure children’s rights as they agreed to hold themselves accountable for the commitment before the international community. State parties to the convention are obliged to develop and undertake all actions and polices in the best interest of the child. The task, however, must engage not just governments but all members of society. The standards and principles articulated in the convention can only become a reality when they are respected by everyone within the families, in school and other institution that provide service for children, in communities and at all levels of administrations. (MCI protocol) The DfES (Department for Education and Slikks) works in partnership with community foundations, rural community councils, councils for voluntary service and grant making trusts to provide an experienced fund administrator in each area. Administrators ensure that outreach and support are available to support applicants. Decisions on allocating funding are made by assessment panels comprised of people with knowledge of the issues faced by children in the communities served by the funds. (http://dfes. gov. uk) New child charities have been recognised all over country helping to promote and claim children’s rights, and monitor how far their are being realised and respected. The charities collaborate with government and civil society to make progress in realising children’s rights. The UN committee welcomed a number of UK initiatives, especially new legislation such as the Human Rights Act and Adoption and Children Bill, youth participation, the available strategy for children, young people, and strategies on child poverty and teenage pregnancy. ( http://www. publication. parliament. uk). All parts of government have a responsibility to learn about, promote and implement the convention. The children, young people and families directorate within the department for education and skills co-ordinates the government’s report to the committee on the rights of the child. Beverley Hughes MP, the minister for children, young people and families, has special responsibility within the government for ensuring the convention is put into practice. The government is also meant to make sure that all new laws fit with the convention. Children’s rights groups and organisations have an important role to play in raising awareness about the convention, and referring to it whenever decisions are made that affects children and young people. By agreeing to undertake the obligation of the convention, UK overnment has committed themselves to protect and ensure children’s rights as they have agreed to hold themselves accountable for the commitment before the international community. States parties to the convention are obliged to develop and undertake all actions and polices in the best interests of the child. The task, however, must engage not just governments but all members of society. The standards and principles articulated in the convention can only become a reality when they are respected by everyone within the families, in schools and other institutions that provide services for children, in communities and at all levels of administration (Kandola and Fullerton,1998) Types of support offered could include structured parenting education groups, couple support, home visiting and  employment or training advice. All schools actively seek to engage parents in children and young people’s education, helping parents to understand what they can do at home to work with the schoolchildren’s centres and extended schools develop a coherent set of services both to support parents and to involve them properly at all stages of a child’s learning and development. (http://www. crin. ch) In conclusion, we should all apply the equal opportunities policy and each on of us should begin by him/herself. We should treat anyone an adult or a child equally regardless of his gender, race, nationality, social class and religion because he/she is an important part of the society we live in, and has a major role in it, especially children because they are the future generation, who will take our place in the society. Furthermore, we the adults should be the role model of our children because they are our mirror that reflect us wherever they go and whatever they do. Bibliography Bruce, . T and Meggitt, C. (2002) Child Care and Education, Hodder and Stoughton, London www. unicef. org UNICEF (Undated) Convention on Rights of the Child, 1990, http://www. ohchr. org/english/law/pdf/crc. pdf http://www. crin. ch Kandola, R. and Fullerton, J. (1998), The equal opportunity handbook http://www. child-abuse. com http://www. publication. parliament. uk http://www. wikipedia. org How to cite Equal Opportunities, Papers

Compensations and Benefits free essay sample

Introduction When creating a benefit package for their organization, managers must take into consideration an array of conditions that will affect both the organization and the personnel it employs. These conditions range from external factors such as laws mandated by both local and federal agencies to internal factors such as administrative requirements, cost that stem from purchasing and maintaining equipment and employee incentives. By the end of this paper, I will explain the essential role each of these factors play in the establishment of an organization’s benefit package. External Factors One of the biggest, if not the largest, challenge an organization faces when seeking to recruit the best qualified personnel in hopes of building a workforce whose loyalty keeps them from seeking employment elsewhere is to design a benefit’s package that will adhere to all lawful mandates and is perceived as being fair by all employees. As noted by the author or our text, â€Å"companies establish strategic benefit plans on the interpretation of pertinent information in the external and internal environments. †(Martoccio, 2011, p. 19) Lawful mandates, or external factors, are important because failure to follow them will result in stiff penalties for the organization. Federal laws such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Social Security Act and the Federal Unemployment Act were designed to ensure employees received fair treatment from employers. The Equal Pay Act (EPA) of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 were designed to prevent employers from discriminating against potential employees. â€Å"The EPA was specifically enacted to end gender discrimination in pay†¦the Civil Rights Act of 1964†¦makes it an unlawful employment practice for an employer to discriminate against any individual†¦because of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. † (Greenlaw Kohl, 1994, p. 240) Two additional external factors to be taken into consideration or the Social Security Act (SSA) and the Federal Unemployment Act (FUA), both were designed to help personnel after they have been hired by an organization. The SSA provides that added security of an income to an employee upon retirement or in the event of being disabled and financial assistance to dependent survivors of a deceased employee. The FUA provides financial security to an employee who was released from his or her job due to no fault of their own. Having knowledge of these laws and being able to incorporate specifics within their benefits package will prove to be cost effective to any employer. Internal Factors While external factors are important, internal factors are just as important when designing a benefit plan for an organization. When implementing a benefit plan, managers must take into consideration any internal factors that might affect the organization administratively. Examples of administrative cost are establishing the pay structure within the organization, conducting wage surveys and implementing the wage structure for positions within the organization. According to Mr. Von Yeast, few people take into consideration the importance of administrative cost. â€Å"I have been in groups of experienced and knowledgeable administrators who give blank stares and refuse to comment on administrative cost. † (Von Yeast, 1994, p. 26) Another small, yet important internal factor that affects an organization’s benefit package are costs associated with purchasing, maintaining and eventually replacing equipment. The last internal factor I will use to support my claim that both external and internal factors must be taken into consideration when creating a benefit packet is the most important one to me and that is employee incentives. Employers that place high value on those with whom they employ stand a better chance of developing a loyal workforce who has a vested interest in the function of the company. The founders of Costo Wholesale Warehouse built their empire on this way of thinking. It’s â€Å"co-founder Jim Sinegal has told MMR in the past that the companys generosity regarding worker pay and benefits is not just the right thing to do but also produces dividends that benefit the business. † (Costco, 2012, pg 20) Placing the needs of its employees first, hiring from within, and tuition re-imbursement are just a few of the benefits Costco offers its employees and as a result it has survived one of our nation’s worse economic crisis. Research has shown that Costco’s employee turn-over is minimal and customer satisfaction is up as a result of employees who have a vested interest in the organization. Although I believe Costco’s founder’s understood the value of people, they did not come to this conclusion on half-heartedly. Much thought and consideration must be taken when deciding what benefits should be included within a package. Conclusion Providing additional incentives such as educational benefits, health, dental, vision and life insurance along with paid vacation is beneficial to the organization as well as the employee. With hope, the employer will be happy because they would have hired a more educated worker who is skilled in his or her profession resulting in more productivity and the employee will perform better because of the promise of better job security and benefits that protect them and their families. In short a good benefit plan, that takes into consideration both external and internal factors will result in better productivity. Reference Costco Policy of Treating Workers Well Pays Off. (2012). MMR, 29(3), 20. Greenlaw, P. S. Kohl, J. P. (1994). Thirty Years of Civil Rights: The EPA/Title VII Sex-Based Wage Discrimination Controversy. Labor Law Journal, 45(4), 240. Martoccio, J. (2011). Employee benefits: A primer for human resource professionals.